Table 2. Summary of Findings

Author (year)

Gender, Age

Case

Symptoms

Physical Findings

Symptom Duration

Imaging Findings

Tumor Size (cm)

Tumor Site

SSS Invasion

Extent of Resection

Histopathological Findings

WHO Grade

Intraop Complications

Postop Complications

Follow-up duration (mo)

Outcome (Summary)

Length of Hospital Stay (days)

Alzughaibi et al., 2024[23]

M, 57

Bilateral parasagittal-falcine meningioma

Generalized tonic-clonic seizure

Non-tender bifrontal mass

2 years

Anterior falcine mass with vasogenic edema, complete invasion of middle third SSS

5.7 x 5.3 x 3.1

Anterior and middle third

Yes (complete)

GTR

Transitional meningioma

None

Swelling due to a serum collection, resolved with aspiration

Symptoms improve, no neurological deficits, or recurrent tumor

Hassan et al., 2024[24]

F, 70

Cystic falcine meningioma

Disorganized speech and aggression

Muscle weakness in the lower limbs

3 months

Bilateral frontal cystic mass, resembling a cystic lesion

8.41 × 6.67 × 7.30

Anterior third falcine

Yes (partial)

GTR

Meningothelial meningioma

None

Symptoms improve, no neurological deficits, or recurrent tumor

Papadimitriou et al., 2020[26]

F, 55

Falcine meningioma

Generalized tonic-clonic seizure

No other neurological deficits

Large, highly vascular anterior falcine meningioma with aneurysms

"large"

Anterior third falcine

Embolization and GTR

Meningothelial meningioma

None

No neurological symptoms/deficit, no residual aneurysm, or recurrent tumor

Kiat et al., 2018[25]

M, 33

Falcine meningioma

Progressive behavioural changes, poor memory, and social isolation over the past ten years

Bilateral papilledema, lower limbs power was 4/5, hypertonia, and hypereflexia

10 years

Homogeneously enhancing falcine meningioma

7cm X 7.5cm X 7.5cm

Middle third

GTR

None

Transient worsening of frontal lobe syndrome, subsided after three days

Symptoms improve, no neurological deficits, or recurrent tumor

Psaras et al., 2009[27]

F, 49

Falcine meningioma (lung metastases)

History of frequent headaches and nausea

Hemiparesis on the right side

Partially calcified parietal meningioma involving falx and SSS

6 × 4 × 3 cm

Middle third

Yes (complete)

STR and GTR (2nd op)

Meningothelial meningioma

Invasive character with firm adherence to the arachnoid space and venous bleeding from SSS

None

180

Symptoms improve and Recurrent

Residual tumor of the parietal falcine meningioma with multiple lung metastases

Persistent dry cough

No other neurological deficits

Residual parietal falx meningioma with complete sagittal sinus occlusion; bilateral lung lesions suspicious for metastases

"same"

Meningothelial meningioma (Metastases)

None

Symptoms improve, no residual tumor or metastasis detected

Kusdiansah et al., 2023[28]

F, 55

Falcine meningioma

Worsening headaches and acute nausea

4/5 left-sided hemiparesis

Large right paramedian meningioma with enlarged diploic veins bypassing occluded SSS

6.3 x 4.6 x 6.8 cm

Yes (complete)

Near-total resection

None

Symptoms improve, but a residual tumor is still detected

Gotohda et al., 2024[14]

F, 64

Hemorrhagic falcine meningiomas

Headache and weakness in the right lower limbs

No other neurological deficits

4 days

Hyperintensity, dural tail, subacute hemorrhage

5.0 × 3.6 × 4.0 cm

Anterior third

Transitional meningioma

None

Patients exhibited only slight muscle weakness in the right upper and lower extremities, but remained stable

Mathuriya et al., 2000[29]

M, 60

Calcified falcine Meningioma

Left focal seizures (tingling and numbness of the lower limb, and then progressed to the upper limb) and tonic-clonic movements.

Mild left spastic hemiparesis (power 4/5) with cortical sensory impairment

3 months

Right posterior parietal calcified mass with central homogeneity and peripheral heterogeneity

7 x 5 cm

Middle third

GTR

Meningothelial meningioma

None

Symptoms improve. The patient had a focal seizure controlled with phenobarbitone and phenytoin, and no recurrent tumor

Karthigeyan et al., 2018[30]

M, 46

Bifalcine meningiomas

Raised ICP, weakness of limbs (L>R)

Large bilateral dumbbell/globular tumors extending symmetrically into both cerebral hemispheres

7.6 × 5.4 × 5.2

Anterior third

GTR

Meningothelial meningioma

None

Symptoms improve, no neurological deficits, or recurrent tumor

M, 58

Bifalcine meningiomas

Weakness of left lower limb

Large bilateral dumbbell/globular tumors extending symmetrically into both cerebral hemispheres

6.1 × 5.5 × 5.3

Anterior third

GTR

Meningothelial meningioma

None

Symptoms improve, no neurological deficits, or recurrent tumor

F, 70

Bifalcine meningiomas

Walking difficulty, urinary incontinence

Large bilateral dumbbell/globular tumors extending symmetrically into both cerebral hemispheres

6.8 × 5.8 × 5.4

Anterior third

Near total resection

Meningothelial meningioma

None

Symptoms improve, but still a residual tumor detected

F, 55

Bifalcine meningiomas

Headache, left hemiparesis

Large bilateral dumbbell/globular tumors extending symmetrically into both cerebral hemispheres

7.2 × 5.6 × 5.5

Anterior third

GTR

Meningothelial meningioma

None

Symptoms improve, no neurological deficits, or recurrent tumor

F, 52

Bifalcine meningiomas

Headache, subtle right-sided weakness,

Large bilateral dumbbell/globular tumors extending symmetrically into both cerebral hemispheres

7.5 × 6.5 × 6

Posterior third

GTR

Meningothelial meningioma

None

Symptoms improve, no neurological deficits, or recurrent tumor

Otani et al., 2018[9]

M, 74

Falcine meningioma

Numbness of the right lower extremity and right homonymous hemianopia

No other neurological deficits

Mass in the middle third falx with homogeneous enhancement; adjacent bridging veins including Rolandic vein

6 cm

Middle third

GTR

None

Symptoms improve, no neurological deficits, or recurrent tumor

F, 58

Falcine meningioma

Left lower extremity weakness and hemianopia

No other neurological deficits

Extra-axial falx mass, homogeneous enhancement in middle third

7 cm

Middle third

GTR

None

Symptoms improve, no neurological deficits, or recurrent tumor

Bederson et al., 1995[15]

F, 62

Bilateral Parasagittal meningioma

Headache without significant medical history

No other neurological deficits

Large right parasagittal meningioma with adjacent edema and contralateral small lesion; SSS occlusion

8 cm

Posterior third

yes (partial)

GTR with reconstruction of the sinus (saphenous vein graft)

The tumor attach along the lateral wall of the sagittal sinus and could not be resected entirely because of bleeding from the sinus.

None

Symptoms improve, no neurological deficits, or recurrent tumor

Aboud et al., 2021[13]

M, 39

Parasagittal meningioma

Headache and palpable mass on the skull

Parietal palpable subcutaneous mass hard

Giant parasagittal meningioma invading sagittal sinus, skull, and subgaleal tissue with collateral drainage via cortical/subcutaneous veins

"giant"

Middle third

Yes (complete)

GTR with reconstruction of the sinus (saphenous vein graft)

Atypical meningioma

None

Symptoms improve, no neurological deficits, or recurrent tumor

Walker et al., 2023[16]

F, 58

Parasagittal meningioma

Intermittent headaches and new-onset seizures

No other neurological deficits

Left parasagittal extra-axial mass with vasogenic edema and lobulated parenchymal margins

7.3 x 3.2 x 2.1

Anterior Middle third

yes (partial)

GTR

Atypical meningioma

The tumor infiltrates the pia. Additional removal of the tumor to decompress the midline structures was performed.

Right-sided hemiparesis and global aphasia were present but were successfully managed with high-dose dexamethasone.

Symptoms improve, with right-sided apraxia (slight neurological deficits), no recurrent tumor detected.

Wang et al., 2016[6]

M, 45

Parasagittal meningioma

Poor memory

No other neurological deficits

Anterior third

Yes (complete)

GTR

Trasitional

None

Symptoms improve, no neurological deficits, or recurrent tumor

M, 34

Parasagittal meningioma

Enlargement of a biparietal mass, head and neck pain, and right lower leg weakness

No other neurological deficits

7 years

Large posterior SSS mass with subcutaneous extension, ill-defined, hyperostotic

11 × 6.6 × 7 cm

Anterior third

Yes (complete)

GTR

Atypical

None

Transient hemiparesis

Symptoms improve, no neurological deficits, or recurrent tumor

M, 58

Parasagittal meningioma

Seizure

No other neurological deficits

9 cm

Anterior third

Yes (not clear)

GTR

Atypical

Transient hemiparesis and epilepsy

Symptoms improve, no neurological deficits, or recurrent tumor

M, 41

Parasagittal meningioma

Recurrence

No other neurological deficits

7 cm

Middle third

Yes (complete)

GTR

Meningothelial

None

Symptoms improve, no neurological deficits, or recurrent tumor

F, 52

Parasagittal meningioma

Glossolalia

No other neurological deficits

9 cm

Middle third

Yes (complete)

GTR

Trasitional

Transient hemiparesis

Symptoms improve, no neurological deficits, or recurrent tumor

M, 45

Parasagittal meningioma

Bone neoplasm

No other neurological deficits

12 cm

Middle third

Yes (complete)

GTR

Trasitional

Hematoma

Symptoms improve, no neurological deficits, or recurrent tumor

F, 49

Parasagittal meningioma

Paroxysmal unconsciousness

No other neurological deficits

5 years

Middle third SSS tumor with sinus occlusion and inferior sagittal sinus enlargement

7 cm

Middle third

Yes (complete)

GTR

Trasitional

Transient hemiparesis

Symptoms improve, no neurological deficits, or recurrent tumor

M, 27

Parasagittal meningioma

Poor memory

No other neurological deficits

7 cm

Posterior third

Yes (complete)

GTR

Meningothelial

None

Symptoms improve, no neurological deficits, or recurrent tumor

F, 59

Parasagittal meningioma

Recurrence

No other neurological deficits

10 cm

Posterior third

Yes (complete)

GTR

Meningothelial

paralysis of the two lower limbs.

No improvement in Karnofsky performance score

M, 58

Parasagittal meningioma

Recurrence

No other neurological deficits

7 cm

Middle third

Yes (not clear)

GTR

Malignant

III

Recurrence

Recurrence and the patient died after 2 years

Dimou et al., 2021[17]

F, 79

Falcine meningioma

Abdominal pain RUQ and right flank, 4 months later, the patient experienced right-sided lower limb weakness and a new footdrop

Weakness in the right lower limb and altered sensation in the right side of the abdomen and flank.

9 months

Large left parafalcine meningioma with significant mass effect on posterior frontal/parietal lobes

"large"

Middle third

None

A partial sensory-motor seizure that was successfully controlled with an anticonvulsant.

Symptoms improve, no neurological deficits, or recurrent tumor

Savateev et al., 2016[18]

M, 10

Parasagittal meningiomas

Right-sided hemiparesis and hemihypesthesia resolved with osmodiuretics and glucocorticoids

Bulging in the parietal region

11 days

Parasagittal tumor with intra- and extracranial growth, bone invasion, perifocal edema, and middle third SSS invasion; accompanied by hyperostotic lesion

11×8.5 cm

Middle third

yes (complete)

The 1st surgery was terminated due to a high blood loss. At the second stage, the intracranial tumor portion was removed, Simpson grade 4.

Meningotheliomatous meningioma, but the second pathology report was atypical meningioma

high blood loss and risk of further massive bleeding

None

Symptoms improve, residual tumor detected after 3 months, but no further residual detected after radiation therapy.

Okunlola et al., 2024[20]

F, 48

Parasagittal cystic meningioma

Complex partial seizures resistant to anticonvulsants, headache, and right hemibody weakness.

Motor aphasia, right supranuclear fasciolaris, and right hemiplegia

6 months

Left frontal cystic parasagittal tumor with enhancing mural nodule attached to lateral SSS and falx; perilesional edema present

"large"

Anterior third

yes (partial)

GTR

Meningothelial meningioma

None

Symptoms improve, no neurological deficits, or recurrent tumor

Rajagopal et al., 2022[19]

F, 27

Parasagittal meningioma

Bilateral headaches, visual changes, and nausea

Nerve VI palsy and severe papilledema

6 months

Left superior frontal parafalcine mass with SSS invasion, homogeneous enhancement, and vasogenic edema, extending near the torcula

5.1 x 3.8 x 4.1 cm

Anterior third

yes (complete)

GTR

Atypical meningioma

None

Patient had resolution of all symptoms, no residual or recurrent tumor

Li et al., 2016[5]

M, 2

Parasagittal meningioma

Progressive head enlargement and walking difficulties

Open frontal fontanelle, an occipital-frontal circumference of 56 cm, visual acuity was 6/24 in both eyes, and mild physiologic anisocoria

6 months

Large bilateral occipito-temporo-parietal mass with necrosis, occipital bone erosion, and compression of lobes/ventricles; highly vascularized on MRA

14.2 x 13.5 x 11.1 cm

Middle and Posterior third

yes (complete)

GTR followed by resection of residual tumor

Atypical meningioma

The blood pressure decreased to unrecordable levels however, the patient was resuscitated. In the 2^nd operation, the patient suffered from two hemorrhagic shocks.

The patient had a low-grade fever for 10-14 days but was successfully managed with antibiotics and a bilateral subdural hematoma, which resolved after 2 years.

Symptoms improve, no neurological deficits, or recurrent tumor

Honda et al., 2017[21]

M, 3

Falcine Meningioma

Vomiting, fever, and left-sided weakness

The patient's consciousness progressively deteriorated

10 days

Heterogeneous right frontal mass with intratumoral hemorrhage

7 cm

Anterior third and middle third of the falx cerebri

GTR, followed by residual tumor resection

Anaplastic meningioma

III

A recurrent tumor was detected but disappeared after radiotherapy. But after 8 months, lung metastasis of anaplastic meningioma occurred.

Doxtader et al., 2009[22]

M, 8

Parasagittal meningioma

Headaches, dizziness, involuntary eye flickering, and benign cervical lymphadenopathy

No other neurological deficits

3 years

Multilobulated parasagittal mass, with solid/cystic components, peritumoral edema, and midline shift

7.5 cm

Posterior third

STR and GTR of recurrent tumor

Atypical meningioma

Worsening of symptoms, progressive tumor enlargement, and metastasis

Wang et al., 2022[7]

M, 43

Parasagittal meningioma

Calvaria mass

No other neurological deficits

1 month

Parasagittal meningioma infiltrating middle third SSS and adjacent large precentral cerebral vein involvement.

5.5 cm × 3.4 cm

Middle third

yes (complete)

GTR

Transitional meningioma

None

Symptoms improve, no neurological deficits, or recurrent tumor

Abbreviations: GTR, gross total resection; STR, subtotal resection; SSS, superior sagittal sinus; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; CT, computed tomography; CTV, CT venography; MRA, magnetic resonance angiography; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; ICP, intracranial pressure; ADL, activities of daily living; MRC, Medical Research Council (muscle strength scale); WHO, World Health Organization; RUQ, right upper quadrant; mo, months; cm, centimeters; NR, not reported; Gy, gray (unit of radiation dose).