Common phenotypic properties and principles of genotype formation of malignant brain tumors
Keywords:
apoptosis, carcinogenesis, oncogene, neoangiogenesis, genetic instability, glutathione S-transferaseAbstract
The treatment of malignant brain tumors is most difficult problem of neurooncology. This is caused by limited possibility of surgical resection and by the formation of drug resistance in tumor cells.
The formation of primary resistance and the acquisition of secondary resistance in tumor cells are suggested to occur on the early stage of cancerogenesis, thus the genotypic features may cause phenotypic characteristics of tumor cell resistance. In connection with these findings the authors consider in detail conceptual proposition of cancerogenesis — the accumulation of mutations and other genetic alterations, which led to abnormal cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, differentiation, morphogenetic cell reactions. The formation of the most important properties of neoplastic cell is considered as a result of changing function of protooncogens and tumor supressors. The relationship of known genetic alterations of brain neoplasm, in particular, gliomas, and the formation of resistance in tumor cells are discussed.
On the base of the literature, and experimental and clinical data the authors summarize that effectiveness of chemo- and radiotherapy for malignant brain gliomas treatment depends on detail accounting of all mechanisms of tumor cell resistance.
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